1. General Model Information

Name: Biogeochemical Lake Model

Acronym: BIOLA

Main medium: aquatic
Main subject: hydrology, biogeochemistry
Organization level: Ecosystem
Type of model: partial differential equations (1D)
Main application: research
Keywords: eutrophication, lake, hydrodynamic model, algal growth, limnology, water quality, nitrogen, phosphorus

Contact:

Charlotta Pers
SMHI Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute,
SE-601 76 Norrköping,
Sweden

Phone: +46 (0) 11 495 8385
Fax: +46 (0) 11 495 8573
email: charlotta.pers@smhi.se

at home page: go to research, hydrology
Homepage: http://www.smhi.se/en/index.htm

Author(s):

Charlotta Pers

Abstract:

The biogeochemical lake model, BIOLA, was developed at SMHI for eutrophication studies in Sweden. The model is a one-dimensional (vertical) model that simulates temperature stratification and water quality influenced by weather, inflow and biogeochemical processes in the lake and in the sediments. The central variables simulated are inorganic nutrients and phytoplankton. It may simulate the biogeochemical effects in a lake from a changed environment. The changes may be eutrophication remedy actions, thus when considering different management actions BIOLA may contribute with valuable information. The model is a biogeochemical lake module coupled to a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The model simulates the continuous change of lake stratification and water quality due to weather, inflow, outflow and biogeochemical processes in the lake and in the sediments. It simulates changes over time in nutrient and biological state at different depths. The most important variables simulated by the model are inorganic nutrients and phytoplankton in the water. Other variables include nutrients and organic matter in the sediments.

see at: www.smhi.se

II. Technical Information

II.1 Executables:

Operating System(s): DOS

II.2 Source-code:

Programming Language(s): Fortran 77

II.3 Manuals:

BIOLA - Biogeochemical Lake Model - Manual SMHI, SE-601 76 Norrköping, Sweden

II.4 Data:

SMHI, SE-601 76 Norrköping, Sweden

III. Mathematical Information

III.1 Mathematics

III.2 Quantities

State variables:

dissolved inorganic nitrogen,
phosphate, oxygen,
phytoplankton,
cyanobacteria,
zooplankton,
detritus,
planktivorous fish,
piscivorous fish,
macrophytes,
sediment organic matter,
phosphate in sediment,
ammonium in sediment and
nitrate in sediment

III.2.1 Input

hypsograph,
upper boundary condition for momentum and heat,
extinktion coefficient or Secchi depth,
short-wave radiation,
nutrient and
possibly organic matter supply (e.g. inflow, atmospheric deposition, point sources)

III.2.2 Output

daily concentration of state variables and temperature, vertical profiles

IV. References

Pers, B.C. (2002). Model description of BIOLA - a biogeochemical lake model (including literature review of processes). SMHI RH Report No. 16, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, 69 pp.

Pers, B.C. (2003). BIOLA - biogeochemical lake model - Manual. SMHI Hydrologi Rapport No. 91, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, 121 pp.

Pers, B.C., and I. Persson (2003). Comparison of a biogeochemical model in different lakes. Nordic Hydrology, 34(5), pp.

Ahlkrona, M. (2002). Phosphorus in a biogeochemical lake model. SMHI RH Report No. 17, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, 56 pp.

V. Further information in the World-Wide-Web

VI. Additional remarks

The model was developed for eutrophic lakes to be used for management scenarios.

Last review of this document by: : Mon Dec 1 16:33:46 2003
Status of the document: Contributed by Charlotta Pers
last modified by Joachim Benz Tue Dec 2 13:13:56 CET 2003